voluntary counselling and testing services are limited, both in the number of facilities and in the hours of operation and access.
 stigma and discrimination and cultural taboos pose many challenges. Within the health-care system, HIV-related stigma and discrimination reduces confidence in the privacy and confidentiality of those seeking testing, and related HIV treatment and care. Similarly, people living with HIV are often reluctant to publicly disclose their status when involved in activities to combat the epidemic.
 Current HIV services and programmes are not sensitive towards the most vulnerable populations. There are currently an insufficient number of programmes that target Trinidad and Tobago’s most vulnerable populations (men who have sex with men, commercial sex workers, drug users and sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees).
 limited involvement of faith-based organizations, the private sector, young people and people living with HIV in the response to the epidemic.

 Increasing number of women and children testing seropositive.
 Lack of collaboration between agencies to develop clear messages on the role of abstinence. A national abstinence programme in schools is not in synchronicity with the campaign that includes the ABCs (abstinence, being faithful and condoms).
 Prevention efforts, which target people living with HIV, are lacking. Most current prevention programmes target HIV-negative (or HIV unaware) population.